FYI for FreeBSD the driver only supports block size chunks, therefore:
dd if=/dev/cd0 of=/name-the.iso bs=2048List block devices FreeBSD
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List hard drives USB optical media
camcontrol devlistFor more detail:
gpart list
Here is the mess I get on this machine currently from the latter:
Geom name: ada0 modified: false state: OK fwheads: 16 fwsectors: 63 last: 976773167 first: 63 entries: 4 scheme: MBR Providers: 1. Name: ada0s1 Mediasize: 500107825152 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 32768 Mode: r3w3e5 attrib: active rawtype: 165 length: 500107825152 offset: 32768 type: freebsd index: 1 end: 976773159 start: 64 Consumers: 1. Name: ada0 Mediasize: 500107862016 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Mode: r3w3e8 Geom name: ada0s1 modified: false state: OK fwheads: 16 fwsectors: 63 last: 976773095 first: 0 entries: 8 scheme: BSD Providers: 1. Name: ada0s1a Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 32768 Mode: r1w1e1 rawtype: 27 length: 2147483648 offset: 0 type: freebsd-zfs index: 1 end: 4194303 start: 0 2. Name: ada0s1b Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 2147516416 Mode: r1w1e0 rawtype: 1 length: 2147483648 offset: 2147483648 type: freebsd-swap index: 2 end: 8388607 start: 4194304 3. Name: ada0s1d Mediasize: 495812853760 (462G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 32768 Mode: r1w1e1 rawtype: 27 length: 495812853760 offset: 4294967296 type: freebsd-zfs index: 4 end: 976773087 start: 8388608 Consumers: 1. Name: ada0s1 Mediasize: 500107825152 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 32768 Mode: r3w3e5 Geom name: ada1 modified: false state: OK fwheads: 16 fwsectors: 63 last: 976773167 first: 63 entries: 4 scheme: MBR Providers: 1. Name: ada1s1 Mediasize: 500107825152 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r3w3e5 attrib: active rawtype: 165 length: 500107825152 offset: 32768 type: freebsd index: 1 end: 976773159 start: 64 Consumers: 1. Name: ada1 Mediasize: 500107862016 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r3w3e8 Geom name: ada1s1 modified: false state: OK fwheads: 16 fwsectors: 63 last: 976773095 first: 0 entries: 8 scheme: BSD Providers: 1. Name: ada1s1a Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r1w1e1 rawtype: 27 length: 2147483648 offset: 0 type: freebsd-zfs index: 1 end: 4194303 start: 0 2. Name: ada1s1b Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r1w1e0 rawtype: 1 length: 2147483648 offset: 2147483648 type: freebsd-swap index: 2 end: 8388607 start: 4194304 3. Name: ada1s1d Mediasize: 495812853760 (462G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r1w1e1 rawtype: 27 length: 495812853760 offset: 4294967296 type: freebsd-zfs index: 4 end: 976773087 start: 8388608 Consumers: 1. Name: ada1s1 Mediasize: 500107825152 (466G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r3w3e5 Geom name: da0 modified: false state: CORRUPT fwheads: 255 fwsectors: 63 last: 30310359 first: 40 entries: 152 scheme: GPT Providers: 1. Name: da0p1 Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 65536 Mode: r0w0e0 rawuuid: 107c86ad-1192-11e8-a477-001966e9f863 rawtype: 516e7cb5-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b label: (null) length: 2147483648 offset: 65536 type: freebsd-swap index: 1 end: 4194431 start: 128 2. Name: da0p2 Mediasize: 13371351040 (12G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 2147549184 Mode: r0w0e0 rawuuid: 1092e574-1192-11e8-a477-001966e9f863 rawtype: 516e7cba-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b label: (null) length: 13371351040 offset: 2147549184 type: freebsd-zfs index: 2 end: 30310351 start: 4194432 Consumers: 1. Name: da0 Mediasize: 15518924800 (14G) Sectorsize: 512 Mode: r0w0e0 Geom name: iso9660/ESXI-6.5.0-20170104001-STANDARD modified: false state: CORRUPT fwheads: 255 fwsectors: 63 last: 30310359 first: 40 entries: 152 scheme: GPT Providers: 1. Name: iso9660/ESXI-6.5.0-20170104001-STANDARDp1 Mediasize: 2147483648 (2.0G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 65536 Mode: r0w0e0 rawuuid: 107c86ad-1192-11e8-a477-001966e9f863 rawtype: 516e7cb5-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b label: (null) length: 2147483648 offset: 65536 type: freebsd-swap index: 1 end: 4194431 start: 128 2. Name: iso9660/ESXI-6.5.0-20170104001-STANDARDp2 Mediasize: 13371351040 (12G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 0 Stripeoffset: 2147549184 Mode: r0w0e0 rawuuid: 1092e574-1192-11e8-a477-001966e9f863 rawtype: 516e7cba-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b label: (null) length: 13371351040 offset: 2147549184 type: freebsd-zfs index: 2 end: 30310351 start: 4194432 Consumers: 1. Name: iso9660/ESXI-6.5.0-20170104001-STANDARD Mediasize: 15518924800 (14G) Sectorsize: 512 Mode: r0w0e0
FreeBSD Notes
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Print command name running on port
sudo lsof -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN -n -P | awk 'NR>1 {print $9, $1, $2}' | sed 's/.*://' | while read port process pid; do echo "Port $port: $(ps -p $pid -o command= | sed 's/^-//') (PID: $pid)"; done | sort -n
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Locate devices:
camcontrol devlistOutput; in this case only:
<ST3500418AS CC35> at scbus3 target 0 lun 0 (pass0,ada0) <ST500DM002-1BD142 KC45> at scbus5 target 0 lun 0 (pass1,ada1) <AHCI SGPIO Enclosure 1.00 0001> at scbus9 target 0 lun 0 (ses0,pass2) <Generic STORAGE DEVICE 1532> at scbus10 target 0 lun 0 (da0,pass3) <Generic STORAGE DEVICE 1532> at scbus10 target 0 lun 1 (da1,pass4)Where ada0 and ada1 are mechanical drives, da0 is a miniSD card in a USB enclosure da1
Or to print all partitions:
gpart showOutput (after formatting USB device):
=> 63 976773105 ada0 MBR (466G) 63 1 - free - (512B) 64 976773096 1 freebsd [active] (466G) 976773160 8 - free - (4.0K) => 0 976773096 ada0s1 BSD (466G) 0 4194304 1 freebsd-zfs (2.0G) 4194304 4194304 2 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 8388608 968384480 4 freebsd-zfs (462G) 976773088 8 - free - (4.0K) => 63 976773105 ada1 MBR (466G) 63 1 - free - (512B) 64 976773096 1 freebsd [active] (466G) 976773160 8 - free - (4.0K) => 0 976773096 ada1s1 BSD (466G) 0 4194304 1 freebsd-zfs (2.0G) 4194304 4194304 2 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 8388608 968384480 4 freebsd-zfs (462G) 976773088 8 - free - (4.0K) => 32 2012128 da0 MBR (983M) 32 2012128 1 fat32 (982M)List partitions on dev da0:
gpart show da0Delete existing partitions:
gpart delete -i da0Destroy label:
gpart destroy da0Create new mbr spanning entire disk:
gpart create -s mbr da0Create new fat32 partition spanning entire disk:
gpart add -t fat32 da0Initialize fat32 file system:
newfs_msdos -F32 /dev/da0s1Lets break something!
Don’t do any of this unless you are prepared to break it all, or better yet, you read the man pages and find out what they actually do, very useful tools however.
I’m just making notes from other notes, various resources on the net.
gpart destroy -F da0Zero out the drive === !!!Don’t do this jazz regularly on any USB!!! The type of memory has a finite read/write number===
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=2m count=1Format the drive
newfs_msdos -F32 /dev/da0s1
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Alternatively or in addition to the above to install bhyve:
pkg install vm-bhyve bhyve-firmware bhyve-rc-3 grub2-bhyveOutput:
To ensure binaries built with this toolchain find appropriate versions of the necessary run-time libraries, you may want to link using
-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib/gcc48
For ports leveraging USE_GCC, USES=compiler, or USES=fortran this happens transparently.
===> NOTICE:
This port is deprecated; you may wish to reconsider installing it:
Unsupported by upstream. Use GCC 6 or newer instead… Message from vm-bhyve-1.1.8_1:
To enable vm-bhyve, please add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf, depending on whether you are using ZFS storage or not. Please note that the directory or dataset specified should already exist.
vm_enable="YES" vm_dir="zfs:pool/dataset"OR
vm_enable="YES" vm_dir="/directory/path"Then run :
vm initIf upgrading from 1.0 or earlier, please note that the ‘guest’ configuration option is no longer used.
Guests that are not using UEFI boot will need either loader=“grub” or loader=“bhyveload” in their configuration in order to make sure the correct loader is used.
Message from bhyve-rc-3:
Configuration is done completely though rc.conf. The rc script won’t touch any devices for you (neither disk, nor tap) so you need to make sure all of those have been initialized properly.
General setup:
kldload vmm net.link.tap.up_on_open=1Make it persistent:
echo "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf cat >> /boot/loader.conf << EOF vmm_load="YES" EOFMinimal example:
cat >> /etc/rc.conf << EOF cloned_interfaces="tap0 bridge0" bhyve_enable="YES" bhyve_diskdev="/dev/zvol/anything/bhyve/virt" EOF ifconfig tap0 create ifconfig bridge0 create service bhyve start tmux list-sessions tmux attach -t bhyve service bhyve status service bhyve stopMulti profile configuration example:
cat >> /etc/rc.conf << EOF cloned_interfaces="tap0 tap1 bridge0" bhyve_enable="YES" bhyve_profiles="virt1 virt2" bhyve_virt1_diskdev="/dev/zvol/anything/bhyve/virt1" bhyve_virt2_tapdev="tap1" bhyve_virt2_diskdev="/dev/zvol/anything/bhyve/virt2" bhyve_virt2_memsize="8192" bhyve_virt2_ncpu="4" EOF ifconfig tap0 create ifconfig tap1 create ifconfig bridge0 create service bhyve start # start all service bhyve start virt2 # start individual tmux attach -t bhyve_virt1 tmux attach -t bhyve_virt1 service bhyve stop virt2 # stop individual service bhyve stop # stop all(by default ctrl-b d detaches from tmux).
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If attempting to install FreeBSD on a disk which previously belongs to a ZFS, and you get this error: Before installing, select the option ‘shell’
Once in the shell, remove geom protections by running:
sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10When your finished, type exit and return to the install / configure screen.
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Which means geom is protecting the disk.
Running the following clears the protection:
sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10Output:
kern.geom.debugflags: 0 -> 16Clearing MBR and partitions:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ada0 bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc